Just a matter of semantics: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation is a law. Einsteins General Theory of Relativity (ie. gravity) is a theory that's damn near a law. The difference here being Newton was concerned with exactly the math and nothing else Einstein not so much which is encapsulated in the difference between gravit-ation and gravit-y. Newton's Laws of Motion (ie Classical Mechanics) are also laws as are the Laws of Thermodynamics because they're all purely mathematical. Statistical Mechanics, Electromagnetics, Quantum Mechanics, Solid State Physics, the Standard Model, etc are all theories that have been proven to a stupidly high degree. You can tell the difference by how they are thought. Although if you lean Quantum Mechanics via the Matrix approach you end up with mathematical laws that give equivalent answers to the theory.
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